Pavement



2 Sheets-Sheet .1.

(No Model.)

o. ILHOYT.

PAVEMENT.

4 Patented May 29, 1888.

@mi I I l ce eli-Ufff j j mw 2 sheets sheet 2 Patented May 29, 1888.

(NoModel.)

O. H. HOYT.

PAVEMENT.

UITED STATES l CHARLES HERBERT HOYT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PAVEM ENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 383,528, dated May 29,1888.

Application filed February 25, 1883. Serial No. 265,296. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES HERBERT HOYT, of the city and county of NewYork, in the State of New York, have invented a certain new and usefulImprovement in Pavements, of which the following is a specification.

My improved pavement may be used for side. walks and other surfaces, butis more particularly intended for the middle or main portions of streetswhich are much used. It is adapted to present a suitable surface veryfirmly supported, and to afford unusual facilitiesfor removing andreplacing any desired portions, as may be required. The streets ofcities are often underlaid, sets of pipes or covered ways being used fordrainage-sometimes two sets, one for the fllthiest Water from sinks,waterclosets, and thelike, and ahother set for rainwater from the roofsand from the streetswhile other pipes bring water to the houses andmanufactories-sometimes two sets,bring ing fresh and salt, or twoqualities, of waterand other pipes bring gas. The tendency of modernprogress is to increase the number and variety of such underlyingconstructions, and we are liable to have steam for heating and forpower, compressed air for the latter alone, and endless varieties ofsubways for electric wires for telegraphing, telephoning, and lighting,and perhaps other uses. All these require portions of the pavement to betaken up and relaid so frequently as to become an important element inthe pavement question. My invention provides efficient supports for thepavement, which supports may remain in place, while the earth between isexcavated to the required depth to lay or otherwise attend to the pipes,wires, Ste., and allows the pavement to be easily taken up along anarrow line and relaid, and allows the pavement to be as complete aftersuch operation as before, and all without special skilled labor. Iattain the end by planting posts,which may in many cases be woodenpiles,so placed as to afford supports for the corners of rectangularsections of pavement. I insure the correct position of the support, evenif the piles are a little out of place, by securing an adjustable capupon each, and I provide a suitable surface for the pavement itself bymaking rectangular vessels or receptacles of cast-iron or other suitablematerial filled with blocks of stone, concrete, wood, or other suitablematerial to serve for the pavement. In streets containing a largewater-pipe or sewer or other obstruction requiring special treatment Ipropose to modify the construction over that portion of the street thustraversed.

The following is a description of what I consider the best means ofcarrying out the invention.

The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification.

Figure l is a cross-section of astrcet having my pavement with one lineof pans removed and a trench dug along such line to lay or attend to apipe. The portion of the pavement which should lie over such trench isindicated in dotted lines. The remaining figures are on a larger scale.Fig. 2 is a plan view of one pan and a portion of another. Fig. 3 isahori- Zontal section in the plane of the top of a cap. Fig. 4 is avertical section on the line x :c in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a verticalsection of the top of a post with its cap elevated by introducingwashers under it. The washers in this case are shown as being similarcaps. Figs. 6 and 7 show a modification. Fig. 6 is a plan view, and Fig.7 is a vertical section. FigsrS and 9 show another modification. Fig. 8is a plan view of a cap with a post below in dottcdlines and the cornerof one pan in position. Fig. 9 is a corresponding vertical section withboth pans in position. Figs. l() and l1 show another modiication. Fig.l0 is a plan view showing the adjacent corners of four pans. Fig. 1l isa vertical section. Fig 12 is a plan view showing a turn-table and theadjacent pavement. Fig. 13 is a vertical section showing the inventionapplied to cable roads.

Similar letters of reference indicate corre` sponding parts in all thefigures where they occur.

A is the earth under the street, B a brick sewer extending along nearits central line, and A A the sidewalks. These latter may be separatedfrom the general surface of the street by curbstones C C, as will beunderstood.

D D, Src., are wooden piles set by driving or otherwise in rowsextending longitudinally of the street, and spaced so as to be atuniform distances in the length thereof. These piles TOO may in somekinds of earth be put down mainly or entirely by driving withoutprevious preparation 5 but in most cases holes should be previouslybored or otherwise made by hand or machinery to nearly the properdiameter and depth. They should at the close of the operation be setdown firmly. Under 'the conditions which obtain in practice-with unequalresistance in different portions of the soil,imperfeetions inthe form ofthe cheap wood piles, and only moderate degree of skill and care inplacing them-the locations of the upper ends of these piles will beappreciably irregular.- I nish the upper ends by hand or by machinery toreceive caps E. I take care in preparing the head of the pile andapplying the cap E to so locate the latter on the pile as to compensatefor the irregularities. Thecaps form parallel lines extending along thestreet uniformly spaced.

G are pans of' east-iron or other suitable material, the bottom beingeither close or sufficiently open work to allow moisture to rise frombelow and evaporate from the surface in dry weather, and to allow waterwhich is received from above in wet weather to iiow downward into thesoil below. Certain portions of these pans will be designated, whennecessary, by additional marks, as G G2. These pans are filled even withor somewhat above their rims with blocks,H,of stone,wood, orothermaterial, to constitute the pavement. The filling of these pans orcovering of surfaces, as specified below, may vary with the locality andthe consequent cost of' different materials at that point, and partlywith thel uses to which the street is to be exposed. For a street ouwhich travel is light-such as streets for private residences or retailtrade, or more especially hospitalsit may be expedient to provide blocksof wood or masses of cement, over which wheels shall run almostnoiselessly, while for streets having heavy travel and. miscellaneousbusiness, or where noise is not an objection, squared masses oftrap-roek, the pavement sometimes known as Belgiam77 or other material,may be preferable. The edges of the pans G,which extend transversely ofthe street, may be straight. The other edges, which extendlongitudinally of the street, are formed with rectangular projeetionsand indentations, as indicated by G. These rectangular serrations in onepan match to those of the adjacent pan, and each being properly filledwith its material, H, they produce an even surface on the street withoutany considerable longitudinal seam or joint into which the wheels ofpassing vehicles can drop so as to make ruts. There is no liability toform ruts in the other direction transversely, except at theintersections of the streets. In the direction longitudinally of thestreet the wheels which pass along the general line of junction travelalternately on one or the other block and find no eontinuousjoint. Foruniformity of the completed surface the blocks at the edge may overhanga little, so as to nearly or quite eover'tlie side of the pan; but thisis not essential.

In some cases ordinary Cobble-stone may be used. With any or all thematerials the spaces between the blocks may be filled with a tarry orother cement, or with sand, gravel, or other material, if desired. Thecenter' of each cap E is sunk or perforated, as indicated by e. Eachcorner of the several pans G is provided with a projection, g, adaptedto fill about a quarter of the cavity e, into which it applies. Vheutheseparls match together properly, they maintain each other very firmlyin place. W'hen the displacement or irregularity of positions of theparts is so great as to prevent these parts from fitting, a portion orthe whole of the projectionsg must be chipped off or otherwise removed.

F is a pipe for water, gas, steam, compressed air, or other purpose. Itmay be an insulated wire or set of wires serving to conduct electricity,with or without an inclosing structure. They are laid in the ordinarymanner. Vheu it is required to obtain access to them, only the pans G,which are immediately over the pipe F requireto be removed and replaced.After removing the pans G and their contents, access may be obtained tothe pipes by digging in the ordinary manner. So soon as the pipe F hasbeen properly attcnded'to and the earth has been refilled into theexcavation made,the pans G may be returned to their places with eelerityand certainty, and all is again as be fore.

The pans, as above explained, may vary in size. It is expedient to makethem as large as can be conveniently handled. A portable derriek may beused to facilitate the lifting and removal of the pans with theircontents. In commencing to remove aline of pans there may be somedifficulty in raising the first block by nding the joint and removingthe street dirt, and getting hold by tongs or otherwise of the edge ofthe pan and lifting thatv end. So soon as one is loosened and removedthe adjacent pans in that line may be detached and lifted by the aid ofthe derriek.

In case my pavement is applied where no pipes or wires have beenpreviously laid, the piles D may be set any distance apart, and the pansG may be of corresponding size; but as it may frequently occur inpractice that eertain pipes, 8vo., have been laid in the street IIOwithout any reference to this paving, it may become necessary to plantthe rows of piles or supports D at unequal distances apart. Tofacilitate the manufacture and application of the pavement, I propose toconstruct the pans in two ormore standard sizes, by properlydistributing which I can provide for any ordinary position of the pipes.This structure may be modified over a large pipe or sewer. It will beobserved that over the sewer B, instead of piles D, I use shallowfoundations-such as blocks of stone, wood, or other material, asindicated by D. These may be finished t0 receive the caps, and the capsmay hold the corners of the pans in the same manner as the pans are heldon the deeper piles D.

Whenever it is desired to lay down a new line of pipes, wires, or otherlongitudinal structure under my street-pavement, it is simply necessaryto take up one line of the pans G. This exposes the earth below andallows a trench to be dug, the wires to be laid, and the earth againreturned, in the obvious manner, after which the pans are again relaidwithout disturbing the material in the pans, leaving the street ascomplete as before. The fact that the pavement rests on the substantialpiles D insures a good support for the pavement under all circumstancesof wetness or dryness of the earth or other varying conditions. The capsbeing adj usted on the piles with care allows the pans and theircontents to be accommodated even if the piles are imperfectly placed.The trenches may be excavated and refilled without disturbing the piles.

I I are washers, which may be placed under such caps as shall be foundto require them, either at the first laying of the pavement or at anysubsequent period, to raise the bearing and maintain the proper level ofthe top after a pile or foundation has been sunk a little by excessivewet or other cause.

Ris a box, of wood, metal, or other material, extending longitudinallyof the street and of sufficient size to receive one or more of thepipes, wires, or other longitudinally-extended struetures under thepavement. The boxes may be left empty,or may be filled with any materialdesired to serve as an additional support to the pavement or to retainor absorb the odor of gas or to retain the heat of steam- -pipes or tokeep waterpipes from freezing.

These boxes R lie between the rows of piles D.

On removing the pans G, which overlie the boxes and other covering whichmay be em- Y ployed below in any case, the contents of the boxes areaccessible for any purpose. On returning the covering material to placeallis again as before.

The sections may be raised and lowered by various mechanical devices,one being a hook or hooks, which could be put down through an opening inthe bottom of the pan with or without apipe-like inclosure covering thesame and extending to nearly the surface of the paving material andprovided or not with a plug screw or other device. The sections beingheavy, the use of a movable derrick on wheels or otherwise wouldundoubtedly facilitate the rapid and easy removal and replac ing of thesections. Little skill is required in making and laying or in taking upand relaying mypavement. The paving blocks or material may be set in mypans in sandtar cement or other substance, the same as is found mostdesirable in the present methods, thus taking advantage of theexperience already t gained.

Modifications may be made without departing from the principle orsacrificing the advantages of the invention.

I can in place of the piles D use posts of wood, metal, or othermaterial, masonry, brick, cement, or other construction, naturalfoundation, such as the surface of the earth, rock, sand, clay, Sie.,strips of iron, wood, or other material; or the sectional pan-likereceptacle orintervening supporting surface material or substance mayrest directly on the natural foundation,according to its character,where the pavement is to be laid.

In applying the invention 'to streets having railroad-tracks the railsmay be laid in any ordinary or suitable way; or they may be supported byaline or lines of the supports to my pavement, and the pans lyingbetween and adjacent may be formed with straight or irregular edges,matching as closely to the rails as may be desirable.

For a cable road the cablespace may be similarly provided for, with theadditional provision of an opening for the machinery, and supported by asuitable device, like Fig. 13. or by a more desirable one, if necessary.

I provide curved or other shaped pans with curved or other shaped edgesfor curved or other shaped portions of the track or street, and forcurves generally, especially turntables.

Fig. 12 is a plan showing such modification.

My system is equally adapted to the laying of pipes, wires, Ste., in anydirection, longitudinally, transversely, or otherwise, as the supportsmay be suitably arranged, and the pan-like receptacles adapted both insize and shape to the requirements. Pneumatic tubes or other devices forthe transmission of messages, telegrams, freight, or other purpose canbe accommodated, as my system is adapted so that anything underneath canbe gotten at for any purpose. One or more eyes, shoulders, depressions,sockets, or other device, into or onto which hooks or other mechanicaldevices could be attached, could be used to remove the sections.

A portion of a street may be paved, according to this invention, toaccommodate pipes, sewers, wires, Sto., which need attention at varioustimes, and the remainder of the street may be common pavement, orpavement constructed according to any ofthe plans already known.

It is not obligatory that the corners or other portion of the receptaclemust rest on a cap, as, if the foundation is suitable, the cap may bedispensed with.

The surface which is to directly support the paving material may be ofrectangular or other shape, with or without flanges of any height on oneor more sides, like pans, and may be made of wood, iron, stone,composition cement, or other suitable substance or material.

Any shaped pans may be employed with serrations on such edges as may bedeemed best or necessary.

The caps E or their equivalents may rest on whatever foundation isemployed, whether IOO IIO

natural or artificial-as, for instance, when a suitable foundation ishewed out of rock, or otherwise made or formed, then the caps E may reston or in that place and bear the superstructure.

The washers or other devices for adjusting the heights of sections ofpavement maybe placed over or under the caps.

I propose in some cases to use the pans G without either the caps E orthe posts D, simply laying the pans on the natural bed of rock or hardearth, Where such can be commanded, or on a bed of broken stone, or ofother stone or material which may be easily laid and taken up, to form areliable supportV lying under the whole pavement or under any part ofit.

Fig. 6 shows a modification, in which there are stout plates of ironsupported by the posts, and serving themselves as supports for pans,which may in such case be narrow, and are so represented.

I claim as my inventionl. In a pavement, a series of receptacles, G, andpiles or analogous rm supports D under their corners, in combinationwith inclosed paving material H, as herein specified.

2. In a pavement, the supportsD With caps E, in combination with aseries of pan-like receptacles, G, containing paving material H,arranged to serve as herein specified.

3. In a pavement, the caps E, having recesses e, in combination With thesupports D and pans G, having projections g to engage in the saidrecesses, and filling material Hin the said pans, all arranged to servesubstantially as and for the purposes herein specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, at New York city, this20th day of February, 1888, in the presence of two sub- 4o scribingwitnesses.

CHARLES HERBERT HOYT.

W'itnesses:

JOHN Q. HOYT, CHARLEs R. SEARLE.

